Calcium-46
概述
描述
Calcium-46 is a stable isotope of calcium with an atomic number of 20 and a mass number of 46. It is one of the less abundant isotopes of calcium, constituting about 0.004% of natural calcium . This compound is notable for its stability and its role in various scientific research applications, particularly in the fields of geology, biology, and medicine.
准备方法
Synthetic Routes and Reaction Conditions: Calcium-46 can be produced through the neutron activation of calcium-45 or by the separation of isotopes using mass spectrometry techniques . The process involves irradiating calcium-45 with neutrons, which converts it into this compound.
Industrial Production Methods: Industrial production of this compound typically involves the use of high-purity calcium sources and advanced separation techniques such as thermal ionization mass spectrometry (TIMS) and accelerator mass spectrometry (AMS) . These methods ensure the precise separation and enrichment of this compound from other isotopes.
化学反应分析
Types of Reactions: Calcium-46, like other calcium isotopes, undergoes various chemical reactions, including:
Oxidation: Reacts with oxygen to form calcium oxide (CaO).
Reduction: Can be reduced from calcium compounds to elemental calcium.
Substitution: Participates in substitution reactions with halogens to form calcium halides (e.g., calcium chloride, calcium fluoride).
Common Reagents and Conditions:
Oxidation: Requires oxygen or air, typically at elevated temperatures.
Reduction: Often involves reducing agents such as hydrogen or carbon at high temperatures.
Substitution: Reacts with halogens like chlorine, fluorine, bromine, and iodine under controlled conditions.
Major Products:
Oxidation: Calcium oxide (CaO)
Reduction: Elemental calcium (Ca)
Substitution: Calcium halides (e.g., calcium chloride (CaCl2), calcium fluoride (CaF2))
科学研究应用
Calcium-46 has a wide range of applications in scientific research:
作用机制
Calcium-46 exerts its effects primarily through its role as a calcium ion (Ca2+). In biological systems, calcium ions are crucial for various cellular processes, including signal transduction, muscle contraction, and bone formation . This compound, being a stable isotope, does not undergo radioactive decay and thus serves as a reliable tracer in metabolic studies .
相似化合物的比较
Calcium-40: The most abundant
生物活性
Calcium-46 () is a stable isotope of calcium that has garnered attention in various fields, particularly in nutritional studies and metabolic research. Its unique properties allow for detailed investigations into calcium metabolism, bioavailability, and physiological roles. This article explores the biological activity of , highlighting its significance in human health, case studies, and relevant research findings.
Overview of this compound
Calcium is essential for numerous biological functions, including bone health, muscle contraction, and intracellular signaling. The stable isotope serves as a valuable tool for studying calcium dynamics in biological systems due to its distinct isotopic signature. This enables researchers to trace calcium metabolism and absorption through various biological pathways.
Biological Functions of Calcium
Calcium Signaling : Calcium ions play a critical role in cellular signaling pathways. The intracellular concentration of calcium () is tightly regulated and influences processes such as muscle contraction, neurotransmitter release, and gene expression. Calcium-binding proteins like calmodulin modulate these processes by interacting with various enzymes and channels .
Bone Health : Calcium is a vital component of bone tissue. Studies have shown that adequate calcium intake is crucial for maintaining bone mineral density (BMD) and preventing osteoporosis. The bioavailability of different calcium supplements has been compared, revealing that forms like calcium lysinate exhibit higher absorption rates than traditional forms like calcium carbonate .
Case Studies
-
Calcium Absorption Study :
A randomized clinical trial assessed the efficacy of different calcium supplements in osteopenic patients. Participants received either calcium lysinate, calcium carbonate, or calcium citrate malate. Results indicated that the relative oral bioavailability of calcium lysinate was significantly higher (223.15%) compared to the other supplements, leading to notable improvements in BMD after 8 weeks . -
Stable Isotope Measurement :
A study utilizing radiochemical neutron activation analysis demonstrated the feasibility of measuring in human feces, plasma, and urine. This method allowed researchers to investigate the kinetics of plasma appearance of administered with food, providing insights into human nutrition and metabolism .
Table: Comparison of Calcium Supplement Efficacy
| Supplement Type | Relative Bioavailability (%) | Improvement in T-score (BMD) | Time to Peak Serum Calcium (min) |
|---|---|---|---|
| Calcium Lysinate | 223.15 | Highly significant (P < 0.0004) | 30 |
| Calcium Carbonate | ~40 | Significant (P < 0.0042) | 180 |
| Calcium Citrate Malate | ~50 | Significant (P < 0.0069) | 225 |
Implications for Human Health
The findings surrounding emphasize its role not only in understanding calcium metabolism but also in informing dietary recommendations for populations at risk of osteoporosis or other calcium-related disorders. The ability to accurately measure the absorption and utilization of different calcium sources can lead to more effective nutritional strategies.
属性
IUPAC Name |
calcium-46 |
Source
|
|---|---|---|
| Source | PubChem | |
| URL | https://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov | |
| Description | Data deposited in or computed by PubChem | |
InChI |
InChI=1S/Ca/i1+6 |
Source
|
| Source | PubChem | |
| URL | https://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov | |
| Description | Data deposited in or computed by PubChem | |
InChI Key |
OYPRJOBELJOOCE-LZFNBGRKSA-N |
Source
|
| Source | PubChem | |
| URL | https://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov | |
| Description | Data deposited in or computed by PubChem | |
Canonical SMILES |
[Ca] |
Source
|
| Source | PubChem | |
| URL | https://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov | |
| Description | Data deposited in or computed by PubChem | |
Isomeric SMILES |
[46Ca] |
Source
|
| Source | PubChem | |
| URL | https://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov | |
| Description | Data deposited in or computed by PubChem | |
Molecular Formula |
Ca |
Source
|
| Source | PubChem | |
| URL | https://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov | |
| Description | Data deposited in or computed by PubChem | |
Molecular Weight |
45.95369 g/mol |
Source
|
| Source | PubChem | |
| URL | https://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov | |
| Description | Data deposited in or computed by PubChem | |
CAS No. |
13981-77-6 |
Source
|
| Record name | Calcium, isotope of mass 46 | |
| Source | ChemIDplus | |
| URL | https://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/substance/?source=chemidplus&sourceid=0013981776 | |
| Description | ChemIDplus is a free, web search system that provides access to the structure and nomenclature authority files used for the identification of chemical substances cited in National Library of Medicine (NLM) databases, including the TOXNET system. | |
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