Calcium-41

Katalognummer: B1231392

CAS-Nummer: 14092-95-6

Molekulargewicht: 40.962278 g/mol

InChI-Schlüssel: OYPRJOBELJOOCE-OUBTZVSYSA-N

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Übersicht

1. Beschreibung

5. Synthesis routes and methods II

2. Wissenschaftliche Forschungsanwendungen

6. Synthesis routes and methods III

3. Eigenschaften

7. Synthesis routes and methods IV

4. Synthesis routes and methods I

8. Haftungsausschluss

Beschreibung

Calcium-41, also known as this compound, is a useful research compound. Its molecular formula is Ca and its molecular weight is 40.962278 g/mol. The purity is usually 95%.
BenchChem offers high-quality this compound suitable for many research applications. Different packaging options are available to accommodate customers' requirements. Please inquire for more information about this compound including the price, delivery time, and more detailed information at [email protected].

Wissenschaftliche Forschungsanwendungen

Radiometric Dating

Geological and Archaeological Applications

One of the primary applications of $^{41}\text{Ca}$ is in radiometric dating, especially for geological and archaeological samples that are older than what conventional carbon dating can handle. The isotope is produced through cosmic-ray interactions with calcium in terrestrial materials. Researchers have developed methods to measure $^{41}\text{Ca}$ concentrations in samples such as granite, seawater, and bone using advanced techniques like accelerator mass spectrometry (AMS) .

Case Study: Dating Pleistocene Bones

A study focused on the use of $^{41}\text{Ca}$ for dating Middle and Late Pleistocene bones demonstrated its effectiveness. The concentrations measured were between $2\times 10^{-14}$ and $3\times 10^{-15}$ for contemporary bovine bone samples, indicating the potential for dating remains that are tens of thousands to millions of years old . This capability is particularly useful for dating specimens that have been buried under ice or sediment, where traditional dating methods may fail.

Environmental Monitoring

Assessment of Geological Processes

Another significant application of $^{41}\text{Ca}$ is in environmental monitoring, particularly in assessing geological processes. The isotope can be used to study the movement of groundwater and the transport of contaminants through geological formations. By measuring the $^{41}\text{Ca}/\text{Ca}$ ratio in various samples, researchers can gain insights into historical changes in environmental conditions .

Medical Applications

Monitoring Bone Health

In the medical field, $^{41}\text{Ca}$ serves as a powerful tracer for monitoring bone metabolism and assessing bone diseases. A pharmacokinetic model has been developed to evaluate its feasibility in clinical settings. This model allows for the monitoring of calcium balance in patients undergoing treatment for conditions like osteoporosis .

Case Study: Clinical Trials for Osteoporosis Treatment

Research conducted at Purdue University utilized $^{41}\text{Ca}$ to assess the efficacy of various treatments aimed at preventing bone loss. By measuring the $^{41}\text{Ca}/\text{Ca}$ ratio in urine, researchers could quantify changes in net bone turnover over time. This method offers greater precision than traditional biochemical markers and can track responses to therapy over extended periods .

Summary Table of Applications

Application Area	Description	Key Findings/Results
Radiometric Dating	Dating geological and archaeological samples	Effective for Pleistocene bones; measures from $2\times 10^{-14}$ to $3\times 10^{-15}$
Environmental Monitoring	Assessing groundwater movement and contamination	Provides insights into historical environmental changes
Medical Monitoring	Tracking bone metabolism and disease	High precision in assessing treatment efficacy for osteoporosis

Eigenschaften

CAS-Nummer	14092-95-6
Molekularformel	Ca
Molekulargewicht	40.962278 g/mol
IUPAC-Name	calcium-41
InChI	InChI=1S/Ca/i1+1
InChI-Schlüssel	OYPRJOBELJOOCE-OUBTZVSYSA-N
SMILES	[Ca]
Isomerische SMILES	[41Ca]
Kanonische SMILES	[Ca]
Synonyme	41Ca radioisotope Ca-41 radioisotope Calcium-41
Herkunft des Produkts	United States

Synthesis routes and methods I

Procedure details

10 kg batches of sodium perborate were treated in a series of experiments with CaCl2 in a two-stage spray process using in the first stage 1.5 kg of 30% by weight CaCl2 solution and in the second stage 1.5 kg of water, giving a perborate having a calcium content of 1.6% by weight.

Name

sodium perborate

Quantity

0 (± 1) mol

Type

reactant

Reaction Step One

Name

CaCl2

Quantity

0 (± 1) mol

Type

reactant

Reaction Step One

Name

CaCl2

Quantity

0 (± 1) mol

Type

reactant

Reaction Step Two

Name

water

Quantity

1.5 kg

Type

reactant

Reaction Step Three

Name

perborate

Name

calcium

Details

Synthesis routes and methods II

Procedure details

Another aspect of the invention includes an injectible paste having a mixture of a reactive amorphous calcium phosphate powder, the amorphous calcium phosphate having a calcium to phosphorous atomic ratio in the range of about 1.55 to 1.70, and alternatively about 1.55 to 1.65, and alternatively 1.55 to 1.6, and reactive vacant sites, and a second calcium phosphate powder, and an amount of water sufficient to provide the desired consistency. The water is buffered to a physiologically acceptable pH. The paste is hardenable at body temperature.

Name

water

Quantity

0 (± 1) mol

Type

solvent

Reaction Step One

Name

calcium phosphate

Quantity

0 (± 1) mol

Type

reactant

Reaction Step Two

Name

calcium

Name

phosphorous

Name

calcium phosphate

Details

Synthesis routes and methods III

Procedure details

The inventors have discovered that simple admixture or combination of L-carnitine, a calcium or magnesium salt, and valproic acid without a suitable solvent is not sufficient to provide an L-carnitine valproate salt of the present invention. After simple admixture or combination without a suitable solvent, L-carnitine retains its objectionable malodor and offensive taste, as well as its hygroscopicity, and valproic acid remains an oil. In contrast, use of the methods of preparing the L-carnitine valproate salt of the present invention as disclosed herein provides a composition of the present invention that is free from objectionable taste and free or nearly free from repugnant odor. Further, an L-carnitine valproate salt of the present invention has different physico-chemical properties from the starting materials. As we discovered and disclose in Example 1, for example, L-carnitine calcium valproate, an embodiment of the present invention, has a melting point of 171.2° C., different from the melting point of L-carnitine (186-190° C.) or valproic acid (an oil at room temperature and above). The 1H-NMR spectrum of L-carnitine calcium valproate (FIG. 2) differs from that of the starting materials (i.e., L-carnitine and valproic acid) and confirms the structure. L-carnitine calcium valproate is soluble in water, and aqueous solutions of this salt provide bioavailable L-carnitine, calcium, and valproate.

Name

L-carnitine calcium valproate

Quantity

0 (± 1) mol

Type

reactant

Reaction Step One

Name

L-carnitine

Quantity

0 (± 1) mol

Type

reactant

Reaction Step Two

Name

valproic acid

Quantity

0 (± 1) mol

Type

reactant

Reaction Step Three

Name

L-carnitine calcium valproate

Quantity

0 (± 1) mol

Type

reactant

Reaction Step Four

Name

water

Quantity

0 (± 1) mol

Type

solvent

Reaction Step Five

Name

L-carnitine

Quantity

0 (± 1) mol

Type

reactant

Reaction Step Six

Name

valproic acid

Quantity

0 (± 1) mol

Type

reactant

Reaction Step Seven

[Compound]

Name

L-carnitine valproate salt

Quantity

0 (± 1) mol

Type

reactant

Reaction Step Eight

[Compound]

Name

L-carnitine valproate salt

Quantity

0 (± 1) mol

Type

reactant

Reaction Step Nine

Name

L-carnitine calcium valproate

Quantity

0 (± 1) mol

Type

reactant

Reaction Step Ten

Name

L-carnitine

Quantity

0 (± 1) mol

Type

reactant

Reaction Step Eleven

Name

valproic acid

Quantity

0 (± 1) mol

Type

reactant

Reaction Step Eleven

Name

L-carnitine

Name

calcium

Name

valproate

Details

Synthesis routes and methods IV

Procedure details

Eggshell powder is used in the food industry, including animal and human nutritional supplements. Eggshells provide approximately 36-37 percent elemental calcium in addition to traces of phosphorous and other trace elements. Thus, for example, 500 mg of dried powdered eggshell provides approximately 180 mg elemental calcium. This compared vary favorably to other calcium salts. For example, calcium carbonate provides 40 percent elemental calcium, calcium citrate provides 21 percent elemental calcium, calcium lactate provides 13 percent elemental calcium, calcium gluconate provides 9 percent elemental calcium, dicalcium phosphate provides 23 percent elemental calcium (and 19 percent phosphorus), and bone meal provides 20 percent elemental calcium (and 17 percent phosphorus). A single large eggshell has a mass of approximately 6 g and provides approximately 2200 mg of calcium.

Name

phosphorous

Quantity

0 (± 1) mol

Type

reactant

Reaction Step One

Name

calcium

Quantity

180 mg

Type

reactant

Reaction Step Two

[Compound]

Name

calcium salts

Quantity

0 (± 1) mol

Type

reactant

Reaction Step Three

Name

calcium carbonate

Quantity

0 (± 1) mol

Type

reactant

Reaction Step Four

Name

calcium

Quantity

0 (± 1) mol

Type

reactant

Reaction Step Five

Name

calcium citrate

Quantity

0 (± 1) mol

Type

reactant

Reaction Step Six

Name

calcium

Yield

21%

Name

calcium lactate

Details

Haftungsausschluss und Informationen zu In-Vitro-Forschungsprodukten

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