molecular formula C20H13ClF3NO3 B1672850 Floxacrine CAS No. 53966-34-0

Floxacrine

Número de catálogo: B1672850
Número CAS: 53966-34-0
Peso molecular: 407.8 g/mol
Clave InChI: AWHZKKVSUJJVNL-UHFFFAOYSA-N
Atención: Solo para uso de investigación. No para uso humano o veterinario.
En Stock
  • Haga clic en CONSULTA RÁPIDA para recibir una cotización de nuestro equipo de expertos.
  • Con productos de calidad a un precio COMPETITIVO, puede centrarse más en su investigación.

Descripción

Floxacrina es un compuesto antimalárico que pertenece a la clase de las fenilquinolinas. Se ha estudiado por su potencial para tratar la malaria, particularmente cepas resistentes a otros medicamentos antimaláricos. Floxacrina y sus derivados han mostrado una actividad prometedora contra varias cepas de Plasmodium, el parásito responsable de la malaria .

Análisis De Reacciones Químicas

Tipos de reacciones: Floxacrina se somete a varias reacciones químicas, incluyendo oxidación, reducción y sustitución. Estas reacciones son esenciales para modificar el compuesto para mejorar sus propiedades antimaláricas.

Reactivos y condiciones comunes: Los reactivos comunes utilizados en las reacciones que involucran floxacrina incluyen bases de Lewis, trimetilclorosilano y cloruro de tetrafluorobenzoílo . Las reacciones generalmente se llevan a cabo bajo condiciones controladas para garantizar un alto rendimiento y pureza.

Principales productos formados: Los principales productos formados a partir de las reacciones que involucran floxacrina incluyen varios derivados con actividad antimalárica mejorada. Estos derivados se evalúan por su eficacia contra cepas resistentes a los medicamentos de Plasmodium .

Aplicaciones Científicas De Investigación

Chemical Profile

  • Chemical Name : 7-chloro-10-hydroxy-3-(4-trifluoromethylphenyl)-3,4-dihydroacridine-1,9(2H, 10H)-dione
  • Molecular Formula : C17H15ClF3N
  • Molecular Weight : 343.76 g/mol

Antimalarial Activity

Floxacrine has been extensively studied for its efficacy against malaria, particularly in the following areas:

Efficacy Against Plasmodium Species

  • Plasmodium berghei :
    • This compound demonstrates significant blood schizontocidal activity against both drug-sensitive and drug-resistant strains of Plasmodium berghei in rodent models.
    • The effective doses (ED50) in mice were found to be as low as 0.7 mg/kg in acute models .
  • Plasmodium cynomolgi :
    • In rhesus monkeys, this compound provided effective prophylaxis against P. cynomolgi, with doses of 0.625 mg/kg daily during the incubation period resulting in complete protection .
  • Resistance Development :
    • Resistance to this compound can develop rapidly when used alone, indicating a need for combination therapies or strategic dosing to mitigate this issue .

Comparative Efficacy

This compound's prophylactic effects were found to be superior to primaquine but inferior to pyrimethamine in certain studies . Additionally, it has shown effectiveness against other parasites:

  • Eimeria species : Effective at 100 ppm in chickens.
  • Fasciola hepatica : Effective at 1000 mg/kg orally in rats.
  • Heterakis spumosa : Effective at doses between 300-800 mg/kg orally in rats .

Clinical Trials and Studies

  • Study on Blood Schizontocide Activity :
    • A study indicated that this compound had a CD50/CD90 value of 4.3/6.7 mg/kg after oral administration against drug-sensitive P. berghei strains .
  • Prophylactic Studies :
    • In trials with rhesus monkeys, daily administration of this compound effectively prevented infection from sporozoites of P. cynomolgi, demonstrating its potential as a prophylactic agent rather than a curative one .
  • Comparative Studies with Other Antimalarials :
    • Research comparing this compound with other antimalarials highlighted its temporary clearance capabilities against chloroquine-resistant strains of Plasmodium falciparum but noted that higher doses were necessary for curing established infections .

Summary Table of Efficacy Against Various Parasites

ParasiteEffective Dose (mg/kg)RouteNotes
Plasmodium berghei0.7OralBlood schizontocide activity
Plasmodium cynomolgi0.625OralComplete prophylaxis
Eimeria species100 ppmOralEffective in chickens
Fasciola hepatica1000OralEffective in rats
Heterakis spumosa300-800OralEffective in rats

Actividad Biológica

Floxacrine, chemically known as 7-chloro-10-hydroxy-3-(4-trifluoromethylphenyl)-3,4-dihydroacridine-1,9(2H, 10H)-dione, is a compound primarily investigated for its antimalarial properties. It has shown significant efficacy against various strains of malaria parasites, particularly Plasmodium berghei, P. vinckei, and P. cynomolgi. This article synthesizes research findings on the biological activity of this compound, highlighting its mechanisms of action, efficacy in different models, and potential therapeutic applications.

Efficacy Against Malaria Parasites

This compound has demonstrated potent antimalarial activity in both in vitro and in vivo studies:

  • Blood Schizontocidal Action : this compound exhibits a high level of activity against both drug-sensitive and drug-resistant strains of Plasmodium berghei. In mouse models, the effective dose (ED50) against sensitive strains was found to be approximately 0.7 mg/kg when administered subcutaneously .
  • Resistance Profiles : The compound maintains effectiveness against strains resistant to chloroquine and other common antimalarials. However, resistance can develop with repeated subcurative doses .

Dosage and Administration

This compound's dosage requirements vary significantly based on the infection stage and parasite strain:

Parasite Strain Effective Dose (mg/kg) Administration Route Comments
P. berghei0.7SubcutaneousEffective against sensitive strains
P. cynomolgi0.625Daily during incubationComplete protection against infection
Chloroquine-resistant strains1.25 - 2.5DailyTemporary clearance of parasitemia

The precise mechanism by which this compound exerts its antimalarial effects differs from those of traditional antimalarials like chloroquine. Research indicates that it affects the pigment cytoplasm and nucleus of erythrocytic stages in malaria parasites, leading to structural changes that inhibit their growth .

Study on Owl Monkeys

In a study involving owl monkeys infected with chloroquine-resistant Plasmodium falciparum, this compound was administered at daily doses ranging from 1.25 to 2.5 mg/kg:

  • Results : The compound achieved temporary clearance of parasitemia but required significantly higher doses for curing established infections—up to 64 times more than those needed for initial clearance.
  • Resistance Development : Rapid development of resistance was noted, indicating the need for careful management in therapeutic settings .

Efficacy in Rodent Models

In rodent studies, this compound was also tested for its prophylactic potential:

  • Prophylactic Dosing : A subcutaneous dose showed moderate prophylactic effects due to a "depot effect," where the drug remains active for extended periods .
  • Tolerance Levels : The compound demonstrated good tolerance in both rodents and rhesus monkeys, with a wide margin between effective and maximum tolerated doses .

Propiedades

Número CAS

53966-34-0

Fórmula molecular

C20H13ClF3NO3

Peso molecular

407.8 g/mol

Nombre IUPAC

7-chloro-10-hydroxy-3-[4-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]-3,4-dihydro-2H-acridine-1,9-dione

InChI

InChI=1S/C20H13ClF3NO3/c21-13-5-6-15-14(9-13)19(27)18-16(25(15)28)7-11(8-17(18)26)10-1-3-12(4-2-10)20(22,23)24/h1-6,9,11,28H,7-8H2

Clave InChI

AWHZKKVSUJJVNL-UHFFFAOYSA-N

SMILES

C1C(CC(=O)C2=C1N(C3=C(C2=O)C=C(C=C3)Cl)O)C4=CC=C(C=C4)C(F)(F)F

SMILES canónico

C1C(CC(=O)C2=C1N(C3=C(C2=O)C=C(C=C3)Cl)O)C4=CC=C(C=C4)C(F)(F)F

Apariencia

Solid powder

Pureza

>98% (or refer to the Certificate of Analysis)

Vida útil

>2 years if stored properly

Solubilidad

Soluble in DMSO

Almacenamiento

Dry, dark and at 0 - 4 C for short term (days to weeks) or -20 C for long term (months to years).

Sinónimos

7-chloro-10-hydroxy-3-(4-trifluoromethylphenyl)-3,4-dihydroacridine-1,9(2H,10H)-dione
floxacrine
HOE 991

Origen del producto

United States

Retrosynthesis Analysis

AI-Powered Synthesis Planning: Our tool employs the Template_relevance Pistachio, Template_relevance Bkms_metabolic, Template_relevance Pistachio_ringbreaker, Template_relevance Reaxys, Template_relevance Reaxys_biocatalysis model, leveraging a vast database of chemical reactions to predict feasible synthetic routes.

One-Step Synthesis Focus: Specifically designed for one-step synthesis, it provides concise and direct routes for your target compounds, streamlining the synthesis process.

Accurate Predictions: Utilizing the extensive PISTACHIO, BKMS_METABOLIC, PISTACHIO_RINGBREAKER, REAXYS, REAXYS_BIOCATALYSIS database, our tool offers high-accuracy predictions, reflecting the latest in chemical research and data.

Strategy Settings

Precursor scoring Relevance Heuristic
Min. plausibility 0.01
Model Template_relevance
Template Set Pistachio/Bkms_metabolic/Pistachio_ringbreaker/Reaxys/Reaxys_biocatalysis
Top-N result to add to graph 6

Feasible Synthetic Routes

Reactant of Route 1
Reactant of Route 1
Reactant of Route 1
Floxacrine
Reactant of Route 2
Floxacrine
Reactant of Route 3
Reactant of Route 3
Floxacrine
Reactant of Route 4
Reactant of Route 4
Floxacrine
Reactant of Route 5
Floxacrine
Reactant of Route 6
Floxacrine

Descargo de responsabilidad e información sobre productos de investigación in vitro

Tenga en cuenta que todos los artículos e información de productos presentados en BenchChem están destinados únicamente con fines informativos. Los productos disponibles para la compra en BenchChem están diseñados específicamente para estudios in vitro, que se realizan fuera de organismos vivos. Los estudios in vitro, derivados del término latino "in vidrio", involucran experimentos realizados en entornos de laboratorio controlados utilizando células o tejidos. Es importante tener en cuenta que estos productos no se clasifican como medicamentos y no han recibido la aprobación de la FDA para la prevención, tratamiento o cura de ninguna condición médica, dolencia o enfermedad. Debemos enfatizar que cualquier forma de introducción corporal de estos productos en humanos o animales está estrictamente prohibida por ley. Es esencial adherirse a estas pautas para garantizar el cumplimiento de los estándares legales y éticos en la investigación y experimentación.